蒙陰長毛兔：全國長毛兔養(yǎng)殖大縣——蒙陰
發(fā)布日期：2024-05-09
來源：http://m.uying888.com 發(fā)布人：創(chuàng)始人
全國長毛兔養(yǎng)殖大縣——蒙陰
Mengyin, the top breeding county for long haired rabbits in China
長毛兔養(yǎng)殖在山東省蒙陰縣有著長達50多年的歷史，在該縣經(jīng)濟發(fā)展上一直扮演著舉足輕重的角色。
The breeding of long haired rabbits has a history of over 50 years in Mengyin County, Shandong Province, and has always played a crucial role in the county's economic development.
蒙陰縣畜牧局局長姜前運介紹，該縣曾在1999年被全兔育種委員會命名為“長毛兔之鄉(xiāng)”。近幾年來，縣委、縣政府高度重視長毛兔的發(fā)展，長毛兔年養(yǎng)殖量穩(wěn)定在600萬只，年產(chǎn)兔毛4000噸，占全國總產(chǎn)量的30%以上，成為名副其實的全國養(yǎng)兔大縣。
Jiang Qianyun, Director of the Animal Husbandry Bureau of Mengyin County, introduced that the county was named "Hometown of Chinese Long haired Rabbits" by the National Rabbit Breeding Committee in 1999. In recent years, the county party committee and government have attached great importance to the development of long haired rabbits. The annual breeding volume of long haired rabbits has remained stable at 6 million, with an annual output of 4000 tons of rabbit hair, accounting for more than 30% of the total production in the country. It has become the true number one rabbit breeding county in the country.
生態(tài)循環(huán)讓八達峪村名利雙收
Ecological cycle brings both fame and fortune to Badayu Village
近幾年，隨著畜禽養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模不斷擴大帶來的飼料原料緊張、人畜爭糧矛盾等突出問題，長毛兔產(chǎn)業(yè)的優(yōu)勢越來越明顯。蒙陰縣立足山區(qū)實際，以生態(tài)為主題，大力發(fā)展特色產(chǎn)業(yè)，形成了具有蒙陰特色的生態(tài)養(yǎng)兔業(yè)。
In recent years, with the continuous expansion of animal husbandry scale, prominent problems such as shortage of feed materials and conflicts between humans and animals over food have emerged, making the advantages of the long haired rabbit industry increasingly apparent. Mengyin County is based on the actual situation in mountainous areas, with ecology as the theme, vigorously developing characteristic and efficient industries, and forming an ecological rabbit farming industry with Mengyin characteristics.
以八達峪村為代表的庭院循環(huán)經(jīng)濟模式正是生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖的典范。蒙陰縣畜牧局畜牧站站長鐘麗介紹，八達峪村的養(yǎng)殖特點可以概括成一句話，那就是“房在園里，林在村里，一片桃園一座房，一圈兔舍作圍墻”。據(jù)了解，該村果園面積達到1500，人均3.6。如此龐大的果業(yè)如果完全采用化學肥料，對生態(tài)環(huán)境將造成較大影響。
The courtyard circular economy model represented by Badayu Village is a model of ecological aquaculture. Zhong Li, the head of the Animal Husbandry Station of Mengyin County Animal Husbandry Bureau, introduced that the breeding characteristics of Badayu Village can be summarized in one sentence, which is "houses in the garden, forests in the village, a peach orchard with one house, and a circle of rabbit houses as walls.". It is understood that the orchard area of the village has reached 1500 acres, with an average of 3.6 acres per person. If such a huge fruit industry completely uses chemical fertilizers, it will have a significant impact on the ecological environment.
八達峪村立足山區(qū)資源優(yōu)勢，創(chuàng)新性地把長毛兔養(yǎng)殖與“沼氣工程”、無公害果品種植合理地結合起來，形成一個良性循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，將兔糞作為沼氣的發(fā)酵原料，產(chǎn)出的沼氣可用來炊事、照明，沼液和沼渣作為果品的肥料。兔糞是一種的有機肥料，通過對兔糞進行生化處理成為有機肥料，一是使長毛兔糞便得到了無害化處理，生成新的能源和資源，減少了兔業(yè)養(yǎng)殖對環(huán)境造成的污染。二是為該村無公害果品生產(chǎn)提供肥源，減少了化肥施用量，成為全縣綠色無公害果品生產(chǎn)基地，帶動了全村無公害林果業(yè)的發(fā)展。目前，全村年人均純收入1.1萬元，其中年收入50萬元以上的20多戶，年收入10萬元以上的40多戶。
Based on the advantages of mountainous resources, Badayu Village innovatively combines the breeding of long haired rabbits with "biogas engineering" and the cultivation of pollution-free fruits, forming a virtuous cycle system. Rabbit manure is used as the fermentation raw material for biogas, and the produced biogas can be used for cooking, lighting, and biogas slurry and residue are used as fertilizers for fruits. Rabbit manure is an efficient and high-quality organic fertilizer. By biochemical treatment of rabbit manure, it becomes organic fertilizer. Firstly, it makes the long haired rabbit manure harmless, generating new energy and resources, and reducing the environmental pollution caused by rabbit farming. The second is to provide fertilizer sources for the production of pollution-free fruits in the village, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer applied, and become a green and pollution-free fruit production base in the county, driving the development of pollution-free forestry and fruit industry in the entire village. At present, the annual per capita net income of the entire village is 11000 yuan, including more than 20 households with an annual income of over 500000 yuan and more than 40 households with an annual income of over 100000 yuan.
在八達峪村帶動下，周邊劉家峪、萬家溝、坪子、東大腰、山頭、蘆山等村都靠農(nóng)戶莊園開發(fā)走上了致富道路。這種生態(tài)養(yǎng)兔的模式也被稱為“八達峪循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)模式”。
Driven by Badayu Village, surrounding villages such as Liujiayu, Wanjiagou, Pingzi, Dongdayao, Shantou, and Lushan have all embarked on the path of prosperity through the development of farmer's estates. This ecological rabbit farming model is also known as the "Badayu Circular Agriculture Model".
不求盈利
Not seeking profit
5年育種只為多產(chǎn)“一兩”絨
5-year breeding is only aimed at increasing the yield of "one or two" cashmere
良種是長毛兔業(yè)發(fā)展的關鍵，而培育具有地方特色的優(yōu)良長毛兔品種也是長毛兔產(chǎn)業(yè)持續(xù)、發(fā)展的重要基礎。蒙陰縣充分利用現(xiàn)有的長毛兔品種資源，采用現(xiàn)代化家畜育種理論和生物技術，培育符合新世紀家兔生產(chǎn)和產(chǎn)品市場需要的長毛兔新品種、新品系，減少對外來良種的依賴性，以滿足該縣長毛兔良種繁育體系建設的需要。姜前運介紹，“我們與種畜禽遺傳資源管理委員會、中兔產(chǎn)業(yè)技術創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟技術委員會、山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學教授樊新忠簽訂了沂蒙長毛兔新品種選育合同，培育繁殖效率高、生長速度快、適應性強和產(chǎn)絨量高的絨毛型沂蒙系或魯系長毛兔新品種(系)。”
Good breeds are the key to the development of the long haired rabbit industry, and cultivating excellent long haired rabbit breeds with local characteristics is also an important foundation for the sustained and efficient development of the long haired rabbit industry. Mengyin County fully utilizes the existing resources of long haired rabbit breeds, adopts modern livestock breeding theories and biotechnology, cultivates new varieties and strains of long haired rabbits that meet the needs of rabbit production and product markets in the new century, reduces dependence on foreign high-quality varieties, and meets the needs of the county's long haired rabbit breeding system construction. Jiang Qianyun introduced, "We have signed a new breed breeding contract for Yimeng long haired rabbits with experts from the National Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Management Committee, the Technical Committee of the China Rabbit Industry Technology Innovation Strategy Alliance, and Professor Fan Xinzhong from Shandong Agricultural University. The focus is on cultivating new breeds of Yimeng or Lu style long haired rabbits with high reproductive efficiency, fast growth speed, strong adaptability, and high cashmere production."
怎樣提高長毛兔的產(chǎn)量和質量，也是養(yǎng)殖戶關心的問題。八達峪村養(yǎng)殖戶文士會的做法充分證實了這一點。文士會已經(jīng)有20多年的養(yǎng)兔經(jīng)驗，他指著家中的一排兔籠介紹，“為了提高長毛兔的產(chǎn)絨量，我專門做了雜交改良，這一排就是雜交改良的兔子，”他邊說便從兔籠中抓出一只兔子，“這是二代的，性狀還不是很明顯。旁邊的這個是第三代，產(chǎn)絨量已經(jīng)有了提高。第四代和第五代兔子的性狀改良比較顯著。”筆者看到，與普通長毛兔相比，改良后的兔子絨毛明顯增多，且手感。
How to improve the yield and quality of long haired rabbits is also a concern for breeders. The practice of the literati association of farmers in Badayu Village fully confirms this point. The literati association has more than 20 years of experience in raising rabbits. He pointed to a row of rabbit cages at home and introduced, "In order to improve the wool production of long haired rabbits, I specifically made hybrid improvements. This row is the hybrid improved rabbit," he said as he grabbed a rabbit from the cage. "This is the second generation, and the characteristics are not very obvious. The next one is the third generation, and the wool production has already increased. The fourth and fifth generation rabbits have significantly improved wool production." The author saw that compared with ordinary long haired rabbits, the improved rabbits have significantly more fur and a great feel.
對此，鐘麗表示很驚訝：“我以前只是跟他順口說過一次改良的事情，真沒想到他居然能潛下心來，花5年的時間專門去做這件事情。這也就意味著他放棄了很多的利益，有了自己的追求。”
Zhong Li was surprised by this and said, "I only casually mentioned an improvement to him before. I never expected him to be able to devote 5 years to it. This also means that he has given up a lot of benefits and has his own professional pursuit."
“今年不賺錢，
I won't make any money this year,
利潤只有15萬元”
The profit is only 150000 yuan
在蒙陰縣兔旺長毛兔繁育場，一棟棟兔舍整齊地排列在道路的兩邊，養(yǎng)殖場主人薛利看到有人來參觀，熱情地招呼，“天太熱，快進來歇會吃點水果。”
At the Tuwang Changmao Rabbit Breeding Farm in Mengyin County, rabbit houses are neatly arranged on both sides of the road. The owner of the farm, Xue Li, warmly greeted someone who came to visit and said, "It's too hot. Come in and take a break to eat some fruit."
筆者了解到，這座養(yǎng)殖場是薛利夫妻二人創(chuàng)辦的，目前存欄種兔1萬多只，雇了7個工人幫忙。談到去年全年的養(yǎng)殖情況，薛利笑著說，“去年的行情不太好，沒賺到什么錢。”筆者問道，“那賠錢了嗎?”“也沒有賠錢，就是賺得不多，只賺了150萬元左右。”
The author has learned that this breeding farm was founded by Xue Li and his wife. Currently, there are over 10000 rabbits in stock and 7 workers are hired to help. When it comes to the breeding situation for the whole year last year, Xue Li smiled and said, "The market was not very good last year, and we didn't make much money." The author asked, "Did we lose money?" "We didn't lose money either, but we didn't make much, only about 1.5 million yuan."
“賺了150萬元，卻還說沒賺錢”。這也正從側面證明了蒙陰縣長毛兔養(yǎng)殖的盛況。50多年的長毛兔養(yǎng)殖歷史說明長毛兔養(yǎng)殖在當?shù)赜兄詈竦娜罕娀A，養(yǎng)殖長毛兔致富的理念已深入人心。
I made 1.5 million yuan but still said I didn't make any money. This also indirectly proves the prosperity of breeding long haired rabbits in Mengyin County. The more than 50 year history of rabbit breeding indicates that rabbit breeding has a deep public foundation in the local area, and the concept of breeding rabbits to become prosperous has deeply rooted in people's hearts.
鐘麗介紹，上級部門來調(diào)研的時候，經(jīng)常會咨詢蒙陰縣養(yǎng)兔戶的數(shù)量，“我們常常無法作答。若要回答出這個問題，必須把問題再細化，我們只能告訴他們存欄10萬只以上的兔場有多少，1萬只以上的有多少，1000只以上的有多少。”難以精確回答的主要是這一個，“存欄1000只以下的兔場數(shù)量。普通農(nóng)戶在家中壘個兔舍就能養(yǎng)殖1000只長毛兔，輕松致富。”
Zhong Li introduced that when the superior department comes to conduct research, they often consult with the number of rabbit farmers in Mengyin County. "We often cannot answer this question. If we want to answer this question, we must further refine it. We can only tell them how many rabbit farms with a stock of over 100000, how many with a stock of over 10000, and how many with a stock of over 1000." The main difficulty in accurately answering is this last one, "The number of rabbit farms with a stock of less than 1000. Ordinary farmers can easily raise 1000 long haired rabbits in a rabbit house at home, making it easy to get rich."
產(chǎn)業(yè)融合為長毛兔
Industrial integration into long haired rabbits
開辟更多出路
Opening up more avenues
姜前運介紹，2003年以后，受紡織瓶頸制約及國際市場影響，兔毛一路下滑，2007年兔毛跌40元/斤，低于養(yǎng)殖盈虧臨界點(45元/斤)，全國長毛兔存養(yǎng)量下降50%，蒙陰縣三分之二的長毛兔被淘汰。
Jiang Qianyun introduced that after 2003, due to textile bottlenecks and the influence of the international market, the price of rabbit hair has been declining. In 2007, the price of rabbit hair dropped to 40 yuan/jin, below the critical point of breeding profit and loss (45 yuan/jin). The national inventory of long haired rabbits decreased by 50%, and two-thirds of the long haired rabbits in Mengyin County were eliminated.
為實現(xiàn)長毛兔一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)的融合發(fā)展，蒙陰縣還做了很多努力，打造了一個個化的平臺，涌現(xiàn)出一批批創(chuàng)造型的人才。
In order to achieve the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries of Changmao Rabbit, Mengyin County has also made many efforts, creating specialized platforms and emerging batches of innovative talents.
在體系建設和平臺打造方面，蒙陰縣出臺了《關于加快建設現(xiàn)代兔產(chǎn)業(yè)體系的實施意見》，突出構建布局合理、功能完善、鏈條完整、特色彰顯的現(xiàn)代兔產(chǎn)業(yè)體系：一是積極做好兔產(chǎn)業(yè)招商引資工作，建成集兔毛、兔絨、紗線、面料服飾生產(chǎn)于一體的集約化產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)合體，逐步健全主產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條。二是做好畜牧業(yè)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”融合發(fā)展。構建兔絨物流、信息流、資金流的網(wǎng)絡化運營體系。三是建設物價指數(shù)信息平臺，規(guī)范行業(yè)秩序，和物價局與山東財經(jīng)大學建設了長毛兔物價指數(shù)信息平臺，形成兔毛指數(shù)，掌握市場行情，制定兔絨及其產(chǎn)品的銷售基準，避免惡意競爭，規(guī)范產(chǎn)銷秩序。
In terms of system construction and platform building, Mengyin County has issued the Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of a Modern Rabbit Industry System, highlighting the construction of a modern rabbit industry system with reasonable layout, complete functions, complete chains, and distinctive features. Firstly, actively do a good job in attracting investment in the rabbit industry, establish an intensive industrial consortium that integrates rabbit hair trading, rabbit wool, yarn, fabric and clothing production, and gradually improve the main industrial chain. Second, do a good job in the integrated development of animal husbandry "Internet plus". Build a networked operation system for rabbit velvet logistics, information flow, and capital flow. The third is to build a price index information platform, standardize industry order, and the Price Bureau and Shandong University of Finance and Economics have established a long haired rabbit price index information platform to form a rabbit hair price index, grasp the latest market trends, formulate sales benchmark prices for rabbit hair and its products, avoid malicious competition, and regulate production and sales order.
在人才建設方面，蒙陰街道劉家峪村村民張遠保，在發(fā)展長毛兔養(yǎng)殖的同時，從事兔籠設備加工安裝，業(yè)務遍布全省及河南、山西等省市，年安裝兔舍10萬個。常路鎮(zhèn)五里橋村村民肖樹青，常年從事長毛兔人工授精業(yè)務，年可供精30萬份，帶動培訓周邊養(yǎng)殖戶80多名。
In terms of talent development, Zhang Yuanbao, a villager from Liujiayu Village in Mengyin Street, is engaged in the processing and installation of rabbit cage equipment while developing the breeding of long haired rabbits. His business covers the entire province, as well as provinces and cities such as Henan and Shanxi, with an annual installation of 100000 rabbit houses. Xiao Shuqing, a villager from Wuliqiao Village, Changlu Town, has been engaged in artificial insemination of long haired rabbits for many years. He can supply 300000 sperm annually and has trained more than 80 nearby breeders.
據(jù)初步統(tǒng)計，全縣從事飼料加工300余人、販草料100余人、兔毛收購200余人、剪兔毛100余人，形成了集長毛兔養(yǎng)殖、育種、防疫、兔毛收購、加工、銷售于一體的完整產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條。養(yǎng)兔業(yè)已經(jīng)成為蒙陰縣農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟的重要支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。。
According to preliminary statistics, more than 300 people in the county specialize in feed processing, more than 100 people sell grass feed, more than 200 people purchase rabbit hair, and more than 100 people cut rabbit hair, forming a complete industrial chain that integrates long haired rabbit breeding, breeding, epidemic prevention, rabbit hair purchase, processing, and sales. Rabbit farming has become an important pillar industry of agriculture and rural economy in Mengyin County..
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